Exploring Gender and Representation in Politics in Croatia

Abstract

In political representation gender equality requires elected bodies that are representative both in terms of opinions and social composition. As women and men make up about half of the population, the equitable involvement of women in political life and equal distribution of power is essential for achieving a balance that more accurately mirrors the societal composition. However, despite efforts to promote gender equality in politics, women continue to face systemic barriers to political participation and significant underrepresentation of women still persists globally due to prevailing social norms favoring men. In a historical and social context gender stereotypes have played a significant role in shaping the perception of women in politics in Croatia. Thus, understanding how gender norms and expectations shape Croatia's political arena provides valuable insights into the broader dynamics of gender and representation in post-socialist societies. Drawing on the theories of representation by Hanna Pitkin and the theory presence by Anne Phillips, the research seeks to analyze a specific speech from Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović's and the media's reactions to it through a feminist perspective to understand how gender stereotypes are reproduced through political communication in politics in Croatia. Grabar-Kitarović's speech reveals a tension between societal expectations of female leaders and the reality of navigating these expectations. The findings recognize the complex situation faced by women politicians in Croatia as they strive to adhere to societal expectations in the political landscape. By acknowledging the constraints imposed on women in leadership roles, we can work towards creating more inclusive and supportive political environments.