Microscopic Fluctuations in Power-Grid Frequency Recordings at the Subsecond Scale
Schäfer, Benjamin; Gorjão, Leonardo Rydin; Yalcin, G. Cigdem; Förstner, Ellen; Jumar, Richard; Maass, Heiko; Kühnapfel, Uwe; Hagenmeyer, Veit
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Published version
Permanent lenke
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3057064Utgivelsesdato
2023Metadata
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Originalversjon
10.1155/2023/2657039Sammendrag
Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many complex systems display multifractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power laws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator of the balance of supply and demand in the electricity grid, also displays such complexity remains a mostly open question. Within the present article, we utilize highly resolved measurements to quantify the properties of the power-grid frequency, making three key contributions: First, we demonstrate the existence of power laws in power-grid frequency measurements. Second, we show that below one second, the dynamics may fundamentally change, including a suddenly increasing power spectral density, emergence of multifractality and a change of correlation behavior. Third, we provide a simplified stochastic model involving positively correlated noise to reproduce the observed dynamics, possibly linked to frequency-dependent loads. Finally, we stress the need for high-quality measurements and discuss how we obtained the data analyzed here. Microscopic Fluctuations in Power-Grid Frequency Recordings at the Subsecond Scale