Application of Outer Membrane Protein-Based Vaccines Against Major Bacterial Fish Pathogens in India
Maiti, Biswajit; Dubey, Saurabh; Munang´andu, Hetron Mweemba; Karunasagar, Iddya; Karunasagar, Indrani; Evensen, Øystein
Peer reviewed, Journal article
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Date
2020Metadata
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Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing sectors in the world. However,
its growth is hampered by various disease problems due to infectious microorganisms,
including Gram-negative bacteria in finfish aquaculture. Disease control in aquaculture
by use of antibiotics is not recommended as it leads to antibiotic residues in the final
product, selection, and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Therefore,
focus is on disease prevention by vaccination. All Gram-negative bacteria possess
surface-associated outer membrane proteins (OMPs), some of which have long been
recognized as potential vaccine candidates. OMPs are essential for maintaining the
integrity and selective permeability of the bacterial membrane and play a key role
in adaptive responses of bacteria such as solute and ion uptake, iron acquisition,
antimicrobial resistance, serum resistance, and bile salt resistance and some adhesins
have virulence attributes. Antigenic diversity among bacterial strains even within the same
bacterial species has constrained vaccine developments, but OMPs that are conserved
across serotypes could be used as potential candidates in vaccine development, and
several studies have demonstrated their efficacy and potential as vaccine candidates.
In this review, we will look into the application of OMPs for the design of vaccines
based on recombinant proteins, subunit vaccines, chimeric proteins, and DNA vaccines
as new-generation vaccine candidates for major bacterial pathogens of fish for
sustainable aquaculture.