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dc.contributor.advisorAdaramola, Muyiwa Samuel
dc.contributor.advisorSætran, Lars Roar
dc.contributor.advisorGravdahl, Arne Reidar
dc.contributor.authorMühle, Franz Volker
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-10T12:55:57Z
dc.date.available2019-09-10T12:55:57Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-575-1762-5
dc.identifier.issn1894-6402
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2614550
dc.description.abstractInteractions of wind turbine wakes with downstream turbines can reduce a wind farm’s power production and increase loads on the individual turbines. For the purpose of wind farm optimization, different aerodynamic approaches to modify the performance and wake flow of one or two model wind turbines have been tested in a number of wind tunnel experiments. In a first set of measurements, different modifications of the rotor design to limit wake effects are studied. Herein, the effect of the blade number on the wake development is studied by comparing the wake properties behind 2- and 3-bladed model wind turbines. Also, the influence of the rotational direction is investigated by comparing the performance of an aligned two-turbine array with co- and counter-rotating rotors. Moreover, the effect of winglets on the performance and vortex interaction in the wake is assessed. For this purpose, a new rotor with aerodynamically optimized winglets has been designed. The performance of the rotor is compared to a reference rotor without winglets and effects on the vortex interaction and velocity recovery in the wake are investigated. The second set of measurements investigated the control of the model wind turbines by intentional yaw misalignment. Therefore, the wake flow behind a yawed turbine exposed to different inflow conditions is measured, while also the power and loads on a two-turbine array are analyzed for varying separation distances, lateral offsets and yaw angles. Selected test cases are furthermore provided for validation purposes of CFD codes. In a Blind test experiment, performance and wake data are compared to computational results from external groups. All the experiments have been carried out in the closed-loop wind tunnel at NTNU in Trondheim. The wakes were investigated for uniformly distributed and sheared inflow velocity profiles with different turbulence intensities ranging from 0.23% to 10.0%. During the project different rotor designs from 2- to 3-bladed rotors, all with a diameter of D = 0.9 m, are investigated. The velocities in the wake are measured using a 2-component laser Doppler velocimetry system or a Cobra probe, which is used to extract phase-averaged information from the wake flow. The potential of the blade number and opposite rotational directions in turbine array are found not to have a significant potential for the optimization of a wind farm. While not affecting the mean velocity distribution, the blade number is observed to influence to turbulence peak levels in the wake. An opposite rotation of the downstream turbine is assessed only to be effective for very small turbine separation distances, where the energy contained in the wake swirl of the upstream turbine can be extracted. The design of aerodynamically optimized winglets could rise the power coefficient CP of a single rotor by 8.9%, whereas the thrust coefficient CT only increased by 7.4%. Winglets are furthermore found to accelerate the tip vortex interaction in the wake, leading to a local shear layer enlargement and earlier wake recovery. In a wind farm, rotors with winglets extract more energy and leave a similar amount of kinetic energy in the wake for potential downstream turbines. Yaw control is found to have the largest potential for the optimization of wind farms. The total power of an aligned two-turbine array is assessed to increase up to 11% by deflecting the upstream turbine’s wake laterally though an intentional yaw misalignment. However, yaw moments on yawed turbines and turbines operating in a partial wake are observed to increase, showing the importance of considering loads for yaw control. Finally, the comparison of experimental data to numerical predictions in the Blind test confirmed the strength of codes based on Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) in predicting mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy levels in the wake precisely.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Åsnb_NO
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPhD Thesis;2018:55
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectWind tunnel experimentsnb_NO
dc.subjectWind farm optimizationnb_NO
dc.subjectWind turbine aerodynamicsnb_NO
dc.subjectCFD validationnb_NO
dc.subjectWind energynb_NO
dc.subjectRenewable energynb_NO
dc.titleAn experimental study on rotor-wake interactions of wind turbinesnb_NO
dc.title.alternativeEksperimentelle undersøkelser av den turbulente vakestrømningen bak vindturbinernb_NO
dc.typeDoctoral thesisnb_NO


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal