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dc.contributor.authorLodberg-Holm, Hanna Kavli
dc.contributor.authorGelink, Henriette Wathne
dc.contributor.authorHertel, Anne Gabriela
dc.contributor.authorSwenson, Jon
dc.contributor.authorDomevscik, Matej
dc.contributor.authorSteyaert, Sam
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-10T12:41:06Z
dc.date.available2019-07-10T12:41:06Z
dc.date.created2019-01-07T15:04:57Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationBasic and Applied Ecology. 2019, 35 18-27.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn1439-1791
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2604080
dc.description.abstractAnimals adapt their foraging behavior to variations in food availability and predation risk. In Sweden, brown bears (Ursus arctos) depend on a nearly continuous intake of berries, especially bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) during late summer and early autumn to fatten up prior to hibernation. This overlaps with the bear hunting season that starts on 21 August. Bilberry occurrence varies across space, as does human-induced mortality risk. Here, we hypothesize that brown bears select for areas with a high probability of bilberry occurrence across a boreal forest ecosystem in Sweden (H1), and that human-induced mortality risk reduces bear selection for bilberries (H2). In addition, we hypothesized that bears that survived the hunting season avoided bilberry areas associated with high risk, whereas bears that were later killed selected more strongly for berries and less against risk prior to the hunting season (H3). To evaluate our hypotheses, we used resource selection functions to contrast bear GPS relocation data (N = 35, 2012–2015) and random positions within the bearś home range with generalized linear mixed effect models against two focal variables: a map predicting bilberry occurrence and a map predicting human-induced mortality risk. We found that bears selected for areas with a high probability of bilberry occurrence (supporting H1), but avoided these areas if they were associated with and high risk of hunting mortality (supporting H2). The killed and surviving bears did not differ in their selection for bilberries, but they did differ in their selection against risk (partially supporting H3). Surviving bears strongly avoided high risk areas, whereas killed bears responded less to risk and selected for high-risk areas with a low probability of bilberry occurrence. This suggests that killed bears selected for other food sources than berries in high risk areas, which exposed them to human hunters. We conclude that bears respond to a landscape of fear during the berry season and that different foraging strategies may have a direct impact on individual mortality during the hunting season.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleA human-induced landscape of fear influences foraging behavior of brown bearsnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionacceptedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber18-27nb_NO
dc.source.volume35nb_NO
dc.source.journalBasic and Applied Ecologynb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.baae.2018.12.001
dc.identifier.cristin1651703
cristin.unitcode192,14,0,0
cristin.unitnameMiljøvitenskap og naturforvaltning
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextpostprint
cristin.qualitycode1


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal
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