Nitrogen is essential for all life on Earth. With an increasing global population, the use of reactive nitrogen has increased over the last century, resulting in increasing nitrogen pollution. Leaching of nitrate (NO3-) ...

The estimation of the energy production of wind farms is a key factor for the development of wind energy projects. Currently, these estimations utilize only a few onsite measurement points to estimate the wind resource at ...

Animal and human excreta had a major role in the development of agriculture in the past, but their role was lost with the development of the modern waterborne sanitation and inorganic fertilizers. To re-envision human ...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, in its variant forms, has evolved over the last four decades to become a mainstream energy technology for terrestrial applications, and is already playing an important role in national ...

In temperate climates, phenological transitions in tree species allow survival through adverse climatic conditions in winter. Seasonal change is sensed through shifting patterns in daylength, temperature and light quality. ...

Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of organic resources can potentially contribute to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in several sectors and can play a central role in both the bioeconomy and the circular ...

With global warming, the forest extent is expected to change, and the transition zone between the upper forest boundary and treeless alpine landscape (i.e., the treeline ecotone) is expected to migrate to higher elevations. ...

Micro minerals have important functions in plants and animals. Most of the micro minerals are essential for both plant and animal normal growth. However, some of them are only essential for plants, while the others are ...

The potential environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have received increased attention over the last decades. While the benefits of the development and use of ENMs are numerous (e.g., improved medical ...