| dc.description.abstract | Climate change is a phenomenon whose data has set a base for discussion, debates and research, all
influential to policy and action restructuring at all levels of natural resource use and governance.
Often issues of justice have been highlighted only in justification of conservation and global sharing
of costs and benefits of actions proposed. Little attention has been drawn to locals' perceptions of
justice or rather distributive justice.
The question of mitigation and abatement actions, currently promoted, encourage and exercise
incentive based motivational participation. Payment for environmental (ecosystem) services (PES)
is one of the topped market instruments promoted with believe to ably address participation issues
in conservation and climate change mitigation processes. This payment is also hoped to cause
poverty alleviation and satisfaction (justice and equity) within all participants and concerned
stakeholders in the climate change agenda.
Issues of low education, poor/bad relationships, and unclear property rights arrangements influence
perceptions of distributive justice and choice of distribution channels. Consequently they will
present implications for efforts towards reducing emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation plus conservation (REDD+).
The main objectives of this thesis are; to illustrate variance in perceptions of justice i.e. the
preferred payment formats and channels of distribution, relate to participants’ education, property
(tenure/land) rights and relationships with leaders, and to harness the likely implications for
REDD+. The main question asked is; what are the locals’ perception of distributive justice and how
could these influence REDD+ initiatives?
This thesis continues to examine persistent challenges of using PES schemes whilst need to attain
equity, herein expressed as distributive justice illustrated as preferred payment formats. An
elaborated background, inclusive of key concepts held in the REDD+ agenda, is made to better
understanding of the operations of REDD+ and its justification for use of PES schemes. A crosscontinental
comparative analysis of PES, experimented in REDD+ piloted in Brazil, Viet Nam and
Tanzania, is made to illustrate perceptions of distributive justice in relation to the status of the
participants’ education, relationships and property rights arrangements.
From the literature reviewed, a theoretical understanding of variance in perceptions and definitions
of justice is drawn from a Pluralists approach to distributive justice. This will then be applied as a
base for understanding and justifying the variance in the locals’ perceptions of distributive justice
The findings herein emphasize that focus on these factors; education, property rights, relationship
(good leaderships and/ good governance) and test preferences, will yield viable solutions especially
towards achievement of perceived distributive justice.
Distributive justice is a challenge attracting much attention at global spheres of sharing costs and
benefits. However, the attention is here drawn towards justice in a local participant's perspective.
Therefore, this thesis' main contribution, to REDD+ architectural planning and designing of
particularly PES schemes, is to show the perceived distributive justice/equity at local-participant
level. It subsequently emphasizes that distributive justice is attainable by tackling the above
mentioned factors influential and related to one's choice of payment format and channel of
distribution, hoped to deliver distributive justice in benefit sharing schemes such as PES schemes.
The write up here is a comparative desk-top study, based on scholar publications and interactive
opinions from reviewers and the writer. | no_NO |
