1. Bumble bees fill an important function in temperate, boreal and alpineecosystems as pollinators of wild plants and cultivated crops. Global declines in popula-tion size of many bumble bee species call for knowledge about ...

1. Climate change is a world-wide threat to biodiversity and ecosystem structure, functioning and services. To understand the underlying drivers and mechanisms, and to predict the consequences for nature and people, we ...

1. Predicting plant–pollinator interaction networks over space and time will improve our understanding of how environmental change is likely to impact the functioning of ecosystems. Here we propose a framework for producing ...

Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes contribute to the spatial varia-tion in plant–pollinator interactions is central to designing effective pollination con-servation schemes. Such schemes are needed to ...

Nitrogen (N) deposition from anthropogenic activities is a major threat to plant biodiversity, but few studies have investigated effects of N deposition on higher trophic levels, such as on flower-visiting insects. N ...

Conserving semi-natural grasslands, a threatened habitat type in European landscapes, is increasingly recognized as a measure to conserve pollinators. Our aim was to test if (a) prediction maps of solitary bee species ...

1. Sowing flower strips along field edges is a widely adopted method for conserving pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes. To maximize the effect of flower strips given limited resources, we need spatially explicit ...

Bees are the major pollinators in most parts of the world, but their diversity have declined as a consequence of environmental changes, during the last century. To counteract this decline, an understanding of the bees and ...