A question has been raised in recent years as to whether the risk field, including analysis, assessment and management, ought to be considered a discipline on its own. As suggested by Aven (2012), unification of the risk ...

In ‘The evidence that evidence-based medicine omits’, Brendan Clarke and colleagues argue that when establishing causal facts in medicine, evidence of mechanisms ought to be included alongside evidence of correlation. One ...

Scientists seek to eliminate all forms of bias from their research. However, all scientists also make assumptions of a non-empirical nature about topics such as causality, determinism and reductionism when conducting ...