Climate change, landscape homogenization, and the decline of beneficial insectsthreaten pollination services to wild plants and crops. Understanding how pollinationpotential (i.e. the capacity of ecosystems to support ...

Human outdoor activities, like mountain biking, often affect animal behaviour. Ungulates might avoid roads and trails, and increase their avoidance with increasing human activity. Recently, biking on forest trails has ...

Knowledge of plant defense responses and how they interact with biotic (e.g., herbivores) and abiotic (e.g., temperature) factors is of fundamental importance for understanding ecosystem functioning. Increases in temperature ...

1. Predicting plant–pollinator interaction networks over space and time will improve our understanding of how environmental change is likely to impact the functioning of ecosystems. Here we propose a framework for producing ...

bilberry, boreal forest, delayed response, methyl jasmonate, multiannual effects, plant–plant interactions, Vaccinium myrtillus

Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes contribute to the spatial varia-tion in plant–pollinator interactions is central to designing effective pollination con-servation schemes. Such schemes are needed to ...